Which findings are associated with cardiac tamponade in the material? Select ALL correct answers.

The material associates tamponade with **raised jugular venous pressure**, soft or muffled heart sounds, and pulsus paradoxus. Echocardiography may show diastolic collapse of the right atrium and right ventricle. The lecture calls pulsus paradoxus the hallmark; a friction rub is the classic finding of acute pericarditis, not the defining hallmark of tamponade. This distinction separates inflammation from the haemodynamic consequences of a pressurized effusion. **Key takeaway:** Recognize tamponade by combining clinical signs with echocardiographic evidence of impaired filling. **Glossary:** **Jugular venous distension**: visible elevation of neck veins associated with raised venous pressure. **Echocardiography**: ultrasound imaging of the heart.