Under the law of evidence regarding a witness who is unable to speak, which of the following is an acceptable method for giving evidence? Select all that apply.

The notes identify signs, gestures, and writing as intelligible ways for a deaf and mute person to give evidence. They also state that the evidence must be given in open court, so a private statement never presented there does not meet the stated requirement. **Key takeaway:** Communication may be adapted, but the testimony remains evidence given in open court. **Glossary:** Section 156: the provision cited in the notes for evidence by a deaf and mute witness.