OBSintermediate
Define APH and distinguish spotting, minor, major, massive, and recurrent APH using the lecture’s terminology.
Answer
APH is bleeding from the genital tract after fetal viability and before delivery. Spotting is staining, streaking, or blood spots on underwear or sanitary protection. Minor haemorrhage is settled blood loss under 50 mL. Major haemorrhage is 50–1,000 mL without clinical shock. Massive haemorrhage is over 1,000 mL and/or clinical shock. Recurrent APH means episodes on more than one occasion.
Explanation
The answer brings together the lecture’s definition and its five clinical descriptors. These categories communicate the observed bleeding pattern and severity; notably, the definition of massive haemorrhage includes **clinical shock**, even when the stated blood-loss threshold is not the only consideration. Recurrent APH describes repeated episodes, not necessarily one continuous large bleed.\n\n**Key takeaway:** APH classification uses timing, amount, clinical condition, and recurrence.\n\n**Glossary:** **APH**: Antepartum haemorrhage; **clinical shock**: Inadequate circulation and tissue perfusion; **recurrent**: Repeated on separate occasions.
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