A researcher locates the following bibliographic citation in an academic database: Chick, G. (1998). Leisure and culture: Issues for an anthropology of leisure. Leisure Sciences, 20(2), 111–133. Based solely on this citation and title, explain what information can be responsibly inferred, and what conclusions cannot be drawn without consulting the full article.

### Why this is right A citation records where a work was published, while its title signals the subject the work presents itself as addressing. Here, the citation gives Chick as the author, 1998 as the publication year, *Leisure Sciences* as the journal, volume 20, issue 2, and pages 111 to 133; the title indicates a focus on leisure, culture, and anthropology. Those details do not reveal what the article actually argues or how it reaches its conclusions. ### The concept A **bibliographic citation** is a compact record that helps readers identify and locate a source. Its **metadata**, or descriptive details about the source, include the author name as given, publication year, journal, volume and issue numbers, and page range. A title is useful evidence of the article’s stated topic, but it is not a summary of its contents: it cannot establish the author’s specific research questions, methods, evidence, or conclusions. **Anthropology** is the study of human societies and cultures, so the title supports describing the article as having an anthropological focus on leisure and culture. To learn what Chick specifically claims, you need to consult the article itself. | Information | What this citation supports | What it does not establish | |---|---|---| | Publication details | Author as listed, year, journal, volume, issue, and pages | Whether every detail is accurate without checking the source | | Topic | A stated focus on leisure and culture from an anthropological perspective | The article’s specific questions, methods, arguments, findings, or conclusions | ### What a good answer covers - Identify the citation details that can be read directly, including the author name as printed and the publication information. - Describe the broad topic indicated by the title: leisure and culture in relation to anthropology. - Distinguish the title’s subject signal from a summary of the article’s claims. - State that research methods, evidence, arguments, and conclusions require reading the full article. ### Terms - **Bibliographic citation**: A formatted record of a source that helps readers identify and locate it. - **Metadata**: Descriptive information about a source, such as its author, date, journal, and page numbers. - **Volume**: A numbered collection of issues in a journal, often corresponding to a publication period. - **Issue**: One installment within a journal volume; here, `2` means issue 2. - **Page range**: The first and last pages on which the article appears, here 111 to 133. - **Methodology**: The approach and procedures used to investigate a research question. - **Empirical findings**: Results based on collected or observed evidence. - **Theoretical argument**: A reasoned claim that uses concepts or theories to explain a topic. - **Anthropology**: The study of human societies, cultures, and ways of life. ### Remember A citation and title can identify a source and suggest its topic, but you need the full text to know what the author actually found or argued.