Which of the following is considered an absolute indication for a cesarean delivery?
Answer
Severe cephalopelvic disproportion
Explanation
Severe cephalopelvic disproportion is explicitly included in the absolute-indications list. The other options are not listed there; obesity and postdated pregnancy are discussed as VBAC predictors, while previous vaginal birth predicts VBAC success. **Key takeaway:** Severe CPD is a listed absolute indication. **Glossary:** **CPD**: cephalopelvic disproportion, a mismatch between fetal size and maternal pelvis.