EASA NAV(A)intermediate
Explain why a great-circle route is generally shorter than a rhumb-line route, and state one navigational distinction between them.
Answer
A great circle is the shortest surface path between two points on a spherical Earth. A rhumb line maintains a constant angle to meridians and therefore a constant bearing; it is generally longer except in special cases such as the equator or a meridian.
Explanation
A great circle follows the shortest surface arc, but its direction normally changes along the route. A rhumb line preserves a constant bearing, which can simplify steering but usually increases distance. **Key takeaway:** Great circle minimizes distance; rhumb line maintains constant bearing. **Glossary:** Great circle: circle through Earth's centre; rhumb line: constant-bearing route.
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