A network security attack in which an unauthorized party observes or intercepts communications without altering the transmitted data is classified as a(n) _____ attack.
Answer
passive
Explanation
### Why this is right
Monitoring transmissions is the course's example of a passive attack. The attacker observes communication rather than changing it.
### The concept
Passive attacks primarily gather information. Active attacks interfere with communications through actions such as replay or modification. This distinction describes attacker behavior, while confidentiality, integrity, and availability describe security goals.
### Remember
Monitoring without interference is passive.
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