Pediatricsadvanced
Describe how molecular mimicry can connect GAS pharyngitis to chronic valvular disease.
Answer
GAS antigens such as M protein and N-acetylglucosamine resemble human cardiac targets. The immune response cross-reacts with cardiac tissues, including valve endothelium, producing inflammation. Recurrent or persistent injury heals with fibrosis and valve deformity, which can result in stenosis or regurgitation.
Explanation
The lecture links GAS antigen similarity to cross-reactive immune targeting of cardiac structures. Acute inflammation may progress to valve thickening and fibrosis, especially with repeated attacks. **Key takeaway:** A post-infectious immune response can produce lasting structural heart damage. **Glossary:** Fibrosis: formation of scar-like connective tissue; regurgitation: backward flow through an incompletely closing valve.
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