Match each Network Mapper (Nmap) command-line option to its corresponding function: Options: 1. -sS 2. -sU 3. -PE 4. -oX Functions: A. Perform a TCP SYN port scan B. Probe User Datagram Protocol (UDP) services C. Send ICMP echo requests for host discovery D. Output scan results in XML format

### Why this is right These options select different scan or output functions: ICMP echo discovery, a TCP SYN scan, UDP probing, and XML file output. Matching the option to the function prevents confusing discovery with port scanning or saving results. ### The concept Nmap's command-line flags control distinct parts of a scan. `-PE` concerns host discovery, `-sS` and `-sU` select transport-specific probing, and `-oX` formats saved results. Scans actively send packets, so the target and scan method must be within an approved authorization. ### The pairs | Item | Matches | Why | |---|---|---| | `-PE` | Send Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo requests for host discovery | Echo requests can help determine whether a host responds to discovery probes. | | `-sS` | Perform a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) SYN scan | The flag selects TCP SYN-based port probing. | | `-sU` | Probe User Datagram Protocol (UDP) services | The flag selects UDP scanning. | | `-oX results.xml` | Save results in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format | The output option writes structured results to the named file. | ### Terms - **Nmap**: Network Mapper. A tool for network host and service discovery. - **ICMP**: Internet Control Message Protocol. Used for network control messages such as echo requests. - **TCP**: Transmission Control Protocol. A connection-oriented transport protocol. - **UDP**: User Datagram Protocol. A transport protocol used by network services. - **XML**: Extensible Markup Language. A structured text format. ### Remember Read each option by function: discovery, scan type, or output.