Match each Windows command-line utility with its primary network diagnostic function: Commands: 1. ping 2. tracert 3. nslookup 4. netstat Functions: A. Tests reachability to a destination host and measures round-trip time B. Traces the path and reports successive router hops toward a destination C. Queries DNS servers to retrieve domain name resolution records D. Displays active TCP/UDP connections, listening ports, and interface statistics

### Why this is right Each command answers a different operational question. `ping` tests whether echo requests receive replies, `tracert` probes the route, `nslookup` requests DNS information, and `netstat` reports local connection and port state. ### The concept These utilities are complementary rather than interchangeable. A reachability test does not show every router on a path, and a route trace does not query DNS records. A DNS query can show whether a name has a record, while `netstat` focuses on connections and listening ports on the local system. When troubleshooting, start with the question you need answered and select the tool designed to provide that evidence. Remember that a missing response can have several causes, such as filtering, so command output should be interpreted in context. ### The pairs | Item | Matches | Why | |---|---|---| | `ping` | Tests reachability and reports round-trip time | It sends echo requests and reports whether replies arrive and how long they take. | | `tracert` | Shows successive route hops toward a destination | It probes routers along the route to a destination. | | `nslookup` | Queries DNS names and record types | It requests name-resolution information and selected DNS records. | | `netstat` | Displays connections and listening ports | It reports local network connections, ports, and related state. | ### Terms - **IP**: Internet Protocol. The system used to address and deliver packets across networks. - **DNS**: Domain Name System. A naming system that provides records for domain names. - **Round-trip time**: The time taken for a request to reach a destination and a response to return. - **Listening port**: A network endpoint waiting for incoming connections. ### Remember Choose the command by the evidence you need: reachability, route, name records, or local connection state.