Match each smoking-induced respiratory change with its primary effect or associated condition: 1. Chronic airway inflammation 2. Goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion 3. Destruction of alveolar septa 4. Loss of lung elastic recoil A. Development of emphysema and decreased surface area for gas exchange B. Narrowing and edema of bronchial passages that increase airflow resistance C. Physical clogging of the airways leading to chronic productive cough and obstruction D. Impaired passive exhalation resulting in dynamic hyperinflation and air trapping

### The pairs | Item | Matches | Why | |---|---|---| | Airway inflammation | Swelling and narrowing that make airflow harder | Inflamed airway lining can narrow the passages through which air moves. | | Increased mucus | Can block airways and reduce airflow | Excess mucus can obstruct an airway and limit air movement. | | Destruction of alveolar walls | Associated with emphysema | The material links destruction of alveolar walls with emphysema. | | Loss of lung elasticity | Makes expansion and contraction harder and can contribute to air trapping | Less elastic lungs do not move air normally and may retain air. | ### Terms - **Airway inflammation**: Swelling and irritation in the passages that carry air. - **Alveoli**: Small air sacs where gas exchange occurs. - **Emphysema**: A lung condition associated here with destruction of alveolar walls. - **Air trapping**: Retention of air in the lungs. ### Remember Airway narrowing and mucus affect airflow; alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity are structural problems.