EASA NAV(A)intermediate

Select ALL valid relationships used in basic flight-planning calculations.

Answer

Time = distance ÷ groundspeed, Distance = groundspeed × time, Headwind generally reduces groundspeed

Explanation

The first two are rearrangements of the same relationship, and a headwind generally reduces the along-track groundspeed. GS is not always TAS because wind changes the aircraft's ground velocity. **Key takeaway:** Use GS—not TAS—for route time and distance calculations. **Glossary:** TAS: true airspeed through the air mass.

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