In the 2016 Dyn case described in the material, what was the immediate service-level effect of the attack?

### Why this is right The Dyn attack overwhelmed a Domain Name System provider with distributed traffic, disrupting name resolution and making many websites and online services unreachable for several hours. ### The concept A Domain Name System service helps translate names people use into network addresses. When a major provider is disrupted, services that depend on it may become difficult to reach even if their own servers are functioning. The incident illustrates how a denial-of-service attack against an infrastructure provider can affect many downstream organizations. ### The other options - **B. Classified documents were leaked by an employee**: This describes the Snowden insider case. - **C. Retail payment cards were harvested by point-of-sale malware**: This describes the Target breach pattern. - **D. Industrial centrifuges were physically damaged**: This describes the physical impact associated with Stuxnet. ### Terms - **Domain Name System (DNS)**: A naming service that maps domain names to network addresses. - **Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)**: An attack that uses multiple sources to overwhelm a target service. ### Remember Infrastructure attacks can disrupt many services that depend on the targeted provider.