The navigation method of estimating an aircraft's current position by advancing a known position using course, speed, and elapsed time is called _____ reckoning.

### Why this is right Dead reckoning plans how long each leg should take in addition to its direction and distance. Comparing planned and elapsed time helps estimate progress between checkpoints. ### The concept For a route leg, the pilot uses a chart and navigation tools to determine its direction and distance. With an expected ground speed, the pilot can calculate the time needed to cover that distance. Wind may change both the direction to steer and the ground speed, so the initial values need appropriate correction. During flight, elapsed time is one part of estimating position, while visual references can provide an independent check. ### Terms - **Ground speed**: the aircraft’s speed over the ground. - **Dead reckoning**: estimating position from a known starting position and planned movement over time. ### Remember A dead-reckoning leg needs direction, distance, and time to estimate progress.