Navigation PPLintermediate
Distinguish UTC, local mean time, and civil standard time.
Answer
UTC is the common aviation time reference. Local mean time is based on the Sun's apparent mean position and varies with longitude, at four minutes per degree. Civil standard time is the legal time zone in use and may differ from UTC by a zone offset; daylight-saving time can add another hour.
Explanation
**UTC** is the standardized reference used for aviation coordination. **Local mean time** varies continuously with longitude: Earth rotates 15 degrees per hour, or four minutes per degree. **Civil time** is set by legal time zones and may include daylight-saving adjustments, so it should not be assumed to equal either UTC or local mean time.\n\n**Key takeaway:** Use UTC as the aviation reference and apply local offsets deliberately.\n\n**Glossary:** **UTC**: Coordinated Universal Time; **LMT**: local mean time; **civil time**: legally established local clock time.
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