Gastrointestinal physiology intermediate
Select ALL functions of saliva listed in the lecture.
Answer
Lubricates food for swallowing, Begins carbohydrate digestion through amylase, Cleanses the mouth and helps wash away pathogenic bacteria, Can aid speech
Explanation
The lecture lists saliva as a lubricant for swallowing, a medium that begins carbohydrate digestion through **amylase**, a cleansing fluid that washes away bacteria, and an aid to speech. It also describes roles in dissolving and softening food, buffering, and excretion of some substances. **Bile** is not formed by saliva or the gallbladder; the lecture does not assign that function to saliva. **Key takeaway:** Saliva supports oral processing, digestion, lubrication, cleansing, and speech.\n\n**Glossary:**\n- **Amylase**: Enzyme identified as beginning carbohydrate digestion.\n- **Pathogenic bacteria**: Bacteria capable of causing disease.\n- **Lubrication**: Reducing friction to facilitate movement, such as swallowing.
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