EASA NAV(A)intermediate
Select ALL correct statements about radio navigation aids.
Answer
NDBs operate in LF/MF bands, VOR radials are based on phase comparison, DME distance is determined by time measurement
Explanation
NDBs use low- and medium-frequency bands, VOR determines radial through phase comparison, and DME computes range from signal travel time. VHF signals generally propagate quasi-optically, predominantly line of sight, rather than by ionospheric sky-wave reflection. **Key takeaway:** Identify each aid by its signal band and measurement principle.\n\n**Glossary:** **Quasi-optical propagation**: near line-of-sight radio propagation.
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