Navigation PPLintermediate
Select ALL correct statements about NDB and VDF operation.
Answer
NDBs transmit in the LF and MF ranges., Night-time reception range of MF NDB signals may increase., VDF determines the direction of an aircraft's VHF transmission.
Explanation
NDBs use LF/MF signals, which may propagate farther at night through sky-wave effects, although those effects can degrade bearing reliability. VDF is a ground service that obtains a bearing from the aircraft's VHF transmission; a normal VHF radio is sufficient onboard. **Key takeaway:** Distinguish the aircraft's ADF role from the ground VDF service. **Glossary:** **Sky wave**: propagation involving reflection or refraction by the ionosphere.
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