EASA NAV(A)intermediate
Which statement correctly describes the process of direction conversion in navigation?
Answer
Magnetic direction is obtained by applying magnetic variation to true direction.
Explanation
### Why this is right
- Variation converts between true and magnetic references.
- Deviation converts between magnetic and compass references.
- The mnemonic gives the same sequence: true, apply variation, reach magnetic, apply deviation, reach compass.
### The concept
Direction conversion follows the order of the reference systems. The aircraft's compass indication is reached from a true direction by passing through magnetic direction. East and west signs must be applied according to the stated convention at each step; do not swap the corrections simply because both are angular errors.
### The other options
- **Apply deviation before variation when converting true direction to compass direction.** This reverses the reference sequence. Deviation acts between magnetic and compass north, so magnetic direction must be reached first.
### Terms
- **Variation**: The angular difference between true north and magnetic north.
- **Deviation**: The angular difference between magnetic north and compass north.
- **Compass direction**: The direction indicated relative to the aircraft compass.
### Remember
Convert true to magnetic first, then magnetic to compass.
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