Under standard ICAO flight planning regulations, the final reserve fuel for a reciprocating-engine (piston) aeroplane must provide an endurance of _____ minutes at holding speed.

### Why this is right The material specifies a final reserve of 45 minutes at holding speed. It also says this amount is an absolute minimum intended to remain upon landing. ### The concept Final reserve is one of four separate fuel components, alongside trip, contingency, and alternate fuel. Its stated time is tied to holding speed. Do not confuse this with the contingency calculation, which is a percentage of trip fuel rather than a duration. ### Terms - **Final reserve**: Fuel intended to remain as a minimum on landing. - **Holding speed**: The speed used to express the 45-minute final-reserve duration. ### Remember The supplied final-reserve figure is 45 minutes at holding speed.