Match each aviation navigation term with its defining feature: Terms: 1. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) 2. Inertial Navigation System (INS) 3. Area Navigation (RNAV) 4. Required Navigation Performance (RNP) 5. Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) Features: A. Calculates position autonomously using onboard accelerometers and gyroscopes without external signal inputs B. Establishes the overarching framework of operational performance specifications for RNAV and RNP operations C. Computes position and time solutions derived from constellations of orbiting satellites D. Permits flight along any desired path within the coverage of station-referenced or self-contained aids, avoiding fixed ground-station-to-station constraints E. A form of area navigation that requires onboard performance monitoring and alerting (OBPMA)

### Why this is right The matches separate the position source, navigation method, monitoring function, and operational standards. GNSS uses satellite signals, INS uses onboard sensors, RNAV uses suitable sensors for area navigation, RNP adds monitoring and alerting, and PBN defines the applicable specifications. ### The pairs | Item | Matches | Why | |---|---|---| | Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) | Uses satellite signals to determine position | Satellite measurements provide the position inputs. | | Inertial Navigation System (INS) | Uses onboard motion and rotation sensors without requiring external signals | Gyroscopes and accelerometers measure aircraft movement. | | Area Navigation (RNAV) | Uses suitable navigation sensors to determine position and navigate beyond a route tied only to ground aids | RNAV can use several approved sensor types to determine position. | | Required Navigation Performance (RNP) | Adds performance monitoring and alerting to RNAV | RNP monitors whether navigation performance meets the required limit. | | Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) | Sets specifications and standards for RNAV and RNP operations | PBN specifies performance requirements for the operation. | ### Terms - **Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)**: satellite-based position and navigation systems. - **Inertial Navigation System (INS)**: onboard sensor-based navigation. - **Area Navigation (RNAV)**: navigation using appropriate sensors to determine position. - **Required Navigation Performance (RNP)**: RNAV with performance monitoring and alerting. - **Performance-Based Navigation (PBN)**: the framework of specifications for RNAV and RNP operations. ### Remember GNSS and INS describe position sources; RNAV and RNP describe navigation capabilities; PBN sets operating specifications.