Arrange the following steps of dead-reckoning flight planning in the correct sequential order from first to last: - Calculate estimated time en route using distance and groundspeed - Apply forecast winds aloft to determine groundspeed and wind correction angle - Calculate trip fuel required based on estimated time en route and fuel burn rate - Plot the route on the aeronautical chart and measure true course and distance

### Why this is right The route must first be divided into legs using selected checkpoints. The pilot can then measure the direction and distance of each leg, calculate time from distance and ground speed, and account for wind’s effect on the planned values. ### The concept Dead-reckoning preparation turns a route into manageable segments. A chart identifies where the legs go, while a plotter or other navigation tool helps determine their directions and distances. Ground speed links distance to time, so it is used to estimate when the aircraft should reach a checkpoint. Wind can alter the aircraft’s path and speed over the ground, which is why the planned heading and time must be adjusted as appropriate. ### The order 1. Identify route legs and checkpoints on a chart: these define the segments to plan. 2. Determine each leg’s heading and distance: the geometry of each segment must be known. 3. Use ground speed to calculate leg time: time depends on distance and speed. 4. Correct planned values for wind: wind affects the planned movement over the ground. ### Terms - **Ground speed**: the rate at which the aircraft moves over the ground. - **Plotter**: a navigation tool used to measure directions or distances on a chart. ### Remember Plan the route geometry first, then calculate time and account for wind.