A firm has security policies, firewalls, user access controls, and encryption. Explain why these measures should be treated as complementary parts of security architecture rather than interchangeable substitutes.
Answer
Policies and standards establish organizational rules. Firewalls and other network controls protect data flow and network paths. Identity and access management controls user identity and permissions. Encryption safeguards data at rest and in transit. Each addresses a different part of security, so one cannot fully substitute for the others.
Explanation
### What a good answer covers
- Explain that policies and standards define organizational rules.
- Describe network controls as protections for network data flow.
- Explain that access management governs identity, authorization, and rights.
- Describe encryption as a way to protect sensitive data in storage or transit.
- Conclude that the measures complement one another because their functions differ.
### Remember
Match each control to the security problem it is designed to address.
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