EASA NAV(A)intermediate
An aircraft is 4 nautical miles (NM) right of track after flying 80 NM, with 120 NM remaining to the destination. What total correction is required to regain track at the destination?
Answer
5 degrees left
Explanation
### Why this is right
Track error is 4 / 80 × 60 = 3 degrees. Closing angle is 4 / 120 × 60 = 2 degrees. The aircraft is right of track, so the combined 5-degree correction is to the left.
### The concept
Use distance flown for track error and distance remaining for closing angle. Add the two angles when the aircraft must rejoin at the destination. The direction of correction must reduce, not increase, the lateral displacement.
### The other options
- **2 degrees left**: This is only the closing angle and omits the track error.
- **3 degrees left**: This is only the track error and omits the closing angle.
- **5 degrees right**: The magnitude is correct, but turning right would move farther away from the planned track.
### Worked numbers
- **Given**: displacement 4 NM; flown 80 NM; remaining 120 NM.
- **Find**: total correction in degrees.
- **Formula**: angle = displacement / distance × 60.
- **Solve**: track error = 4 / 80 × 60 = 3 degrees. Closing angle = 4 / 120 × 60 = 2 degrees. Total = 3 + 2 = 5 degrees left.
- **Check**: the aircraft is right of track, so the correction is left.
### Terms
- **NM**: Nautical mile, an aviation unit of distance.
- **Closing angle**: The angle needed to regain track at the destination.
### Remember
Add the error and closing angles, then choose the turn that reduces displacement.
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