The engineering approach of integrating protective measures and controls into a system starting from its initial architecture and planning phase is known as security by _____.

### Why this is right Security by design means considering protective features at the beginning of development or process design. This allows teams to address weaknesses proactively instead of relying only on later fixes. ### The concept Design decisions affect how systems handle access, data, and connections. Incorporating security early can reduce vulnerabilities and make controls part of ordinary operation. It does not remove the need for testing, monitoring, or updates after deployment. ### Terms - **Security by design**: Building security considerations into a product, system, or process from its initial design. - **Vulnerability**: A weakness that could be exploited or otherwise cause harm. ### Remember Plan for security before a system is built, then continue to assess it after deployment.