A hospital is reviewing its electronic protected health information (ePHI) safeguards. Which measures directly support integrity or auditability?

### Why this is right - **A** is true: file integrity monitoring alerts administrators to unauthorized changes. - **B** is true: checksums and digital signatures can help track or verify changes to files. - **C** is true: version control systems track changes to critical files. - **D** is true: audit trails support post-incident reconstruction and review. ### The concept Integrity safeguards help preserve data accuracy and identify improper alteration or destruction. Auditability is the ability to review records of activity and investigate what happened. The two ideas connect but are not identical: file-change measures focus on detecting modification, while audit trails focus on recording activity. Encryption protects the confidentiality of stored information, but encryption alone does not show that a file has remained unchanged. ### The other options - **E. Encryption of stored data as the sole change-detection measure**: encryption protects confidentiality if storage is exposed, but it is not by itself a method for detecting unauthorized changes. ### Terms - **Auditability**: the ability to examine records and establish what activity occurred. - **Version control**: a method for recording and managing changes to files over time. - **Checksum**: a computed value used to help check whether data has changed. ### Remember Audit trails explain activity; integrity measures help verify that data has not been improperly changed.