Define the term 'form factor' in relation to computer motherboards, and name four standard motherboard form factors commonly used in personal computers.

### Why this is right A motherboard form factor is a standardized set of rules for a board’s physical design and how it fits into a computer case. Because it specifies dimensions, mounting-hole positions, rear port arrangement, and power-connector compatibility, it helps determine whether a motherboard can be installed in a particular case. Standard-ATX, Micro-ATX, Mini-ITX, and Extended-ATX are four common personal-computer form factors. ### The concept A **form factor** is a design standard, not a description of a board’s processor or chipset. It helps match a motherboard to a case and other compatible parts. The rear **Input/Output (I/O)** ports are the connectors exposed at the back of the case, while mounting holes let the board be secured inside it. The four formats differ mainly in size and the space available for components such as expansion slots, which let you add hardware cards. | Form factor | Typical comparison | |---|---| | Standard-ATX | Common full-size format | | Micro-ATX (mATX) | Smaller than Standard-ATX, usually with fewer expansion slots | | Mini-ITX | Compact format for smaller systems | | Extended-ATX (E-ATX) | Larger than Standard-ATX, with more room for components | ### What a good answer covers - A motherboard form factor is a standard for a board’s physical layout and compatibility. - It covers dimensions and mounting-hole positions. - It also specifies rear port layout and power-connector compatibility. - Four common examples are Standard-ATX, Micro-ATX, Mini-ITX, and Extended-ATX. ### Terms - **ATX**: Advanced Technology eXtended. It is the standard used in the names Standard-ATX, Micro-ATX, and Extended-ATX. - **mATX**: Micro-ATX. It is a smaller motherboard format than Standard-ATX. - **ITX**: Information Technology eXtended. It appears in the name Mini-ITX, a compact motherboard format. - **E-ATX**: Extended-ATX. It is a larger motherboard format than Standard-ATX. - **Mounting-hole pattern**: The positions of the holes used to fasten a motherboard inside a case. - **Expansion slot**: A connector on a motherboard for adding a card, such as a graphics or network card. ### Remember Form factor tells you about a motherboard’s physical fit and layout, not which processor it supports.