Select ALL statements that correctly describe validity and soundness.

### Why this is right - **A** is true: validity tests whether the conclusion follows from the premises' structure, assuming the premises are true. - **B** is true: soundness requires both valid form and actually true premises. - **D** is true: an invalid argument fails the validity condition that every sound argument must meet. ### The concept Validity and soundness answer different questions. Validity asks whether a true-premise, false-conclusion case is possible. Soundness asks whether the argument is valid and whether its premises are true in fact. A premise can be false even when the logical form is valid, making the argument unsound. An argument can also have a true conclusion while being invalid, because the conclusion may be true for reasons not established by the premises. ### The other options - **C. A valid argument must have factually true premises.** This confuses validity with soundness. Validity holds even when a premise is false, provided the structure still guarantees the conclusion if the premises were true. ### Terms - **Logical form**: The pattern of how premises support a conclusion, apart from their particular subject matter. - **Validity**: A structure that does not permit true premises and a false conclusion together. - **Soundness**: Validity plus true premises. ### Remember Logical form determines validity; factual accuracy is an additional test for soundness.