Cyberlaw, Ethics and Privacyadvanced
Compare a strong inductive argument with a valid deductive argument, including what each promises about its conclusion.
Answer
A valid deductive argument guarantees that if all premises are true, the conclusion must be true. A strong inductive argument uses credible evidence to make its conclusion likely, but not certain. Deductive validity is assessed by logical form, while inductive strength is a matter of degree and depends on the quality and relevance of the evidence. Therefore, an inductive argument can be strong without being deductively valid.
Explanation
### What a good answer covers
- Explain that deductive validity guarantees its conclusion if the premises are true.
- Explain that strong induction makes its conclusion probable, not certain.
- Distinguish logical form from evidence-based probability.
- Note that inductive strength varies by degree.
### The concept
Deduction and induction offer different kinds of support. A valid deductive argument claims that true premises leave no possibility of a false conclusion. A strong inductive argument instead gives evidence that makes the conclusion likely. The survey example supports the prediction that a student who completed weekly quizzes will probably pass, but it cannot promise that outcome. Because induction is probabilistic, its strength depends on factors such as the credibility and representativeness of the evidence.
### Terms
- **Deductive validity**: A logical guarantee from premises to conclusion.
- **Inductive argument**: Reasoning that supports a likely conclusion.
- **Inductive strength**: The degree to which the evidence makes the conclusion probable.
- **Premise**: A statement offered as support for a conclusion.
### Remember
Deduction can guarantee; induction can make a conclusion likely.
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