Cyberlaw, Ethics and Privacyadvanced
Arrange these steps for evaluating whether a sample supports a broad inductive conclusion.
Answer
Identify the conclusion's scope, such as whether it refers to a few cases or everyone., Examine how many cases the evidence includes., Assess whether those cases represent the group described., Decide whether the evidence makes the conclusion sufficiently probable.
Explanation
### The order
1. **Identify the conclusion's scope, such as whether it refers to a few cases or everyone.** You need to know how broad a claim the evidence must support.
2. **Examine how many cases the evidence includes.** A very small sample may provide too little information.
3. **Assess whether those cases represent the group described.** Even a larger sample may mislead if it does not reflect the group.
4. **Decide whether the evidence makes the conclusion sufficiently probable.** The final judgment weighs the evidence against the scope of the claim.
### The concept
Inductive conclusions are probable rather than guaranteed, so evaluation asks how well evidence supports them. Sample size and representativeness matter because a broad claim covers more cases than the examples directly observed. Two high-scoring app users, for example, do not establish the likely outcome for every user. The process helps identify weak support and hasty generalization.
### Terms
- **Inductive conclusion**: A conclusion supported as likely, rather than proven with certainty.
- **Sample**: The observed cases used to support a claim about a larger group.
- **Representative**: Reflecting the wider group accurately enough to support a general claim.
- **Hasty generalization**: Drawing a broad conclusion from inadequate examples.
### Remember
First compare the breadth of the claim with the amount and representativeness of its evidence.
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