According to the course material's stated ATP-equivalent accounting, how many ATP equivalents are produced per turn of the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

### Why this is right The material assigns three ATP equivalents to each of three reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide molecules, two to flavin adenine dinucleotide reduction, and one to guanosine triphosphate, totaling 12. ### The concept A cycle turn oxidizes one acetyl group and produces electron carriers that can be used for energy generation. The stated 12-equivalent total is the historical accounting convention used in this course material. ### The other options - **2**: This is the net ATP yield from glycolysis per glucose, not a cycle turn. - **3**: This corresponds to the material's value for one reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. - **36**: This resembles an older whole-glucose yield, not the stated yield for one acetyl group. ### Terms - **ATP**: Adenosine triphosphate, an energy-transfer molecule. - **Tricarboxylic acid cycle**: The mitochondrial pathway that oxidizes acetyl groups. ### Remember Use the ATP-equivalent convention specified by the question or course.